FAQ

Frequently asked questions.
What is nanoFLUX?

nanoFLUX® is a highly-porous coating that enhances evaporative heat transfer by significantly increasing the density of nucleation sites on a surface. Applied by a chemical deposition technique, our nanoFLUX metallic-alloy coating results in a micro-porous dendritic surface structure that is typically 5-30 microns in thickness.

What is nanoPROTECT?

nanoPROTECT a protective coating technology that increases the corrosion resistance, durability and high temperature resistance of our nanoFLUX® technology. Fully compatible with nanoFLUX, nanoPROTECT is used in applications in which the surface might be affected by oxidation, acidic conditions or very high temperatures.

How does nanoFLUX work?

nanoFLUX creates a dendritic structure which forms a web of microcavities on the surface of a substrate. These pores significantly increase the sites for bubble nucleation. This reduces the temperature required to make the refrigerant boil, and allows smaller bubbles to be generated and released from the coated surface. These effects combine to significantly enhance nucleate boiling, dramatically increasing the rate of heat transfer.

What applications are suitable for nanoFLUX?

nanoFLUX can improve the performance of various types of two-phase heat exchanger, including:

What applications are suitable for nanoPROTECT?

nanoPROTECT a protective coating technology that increases the corrosion resistance, durability and high temperature resistance of our nanoFLUX technology. Fully compatible with nanoFLUX, nanoPROTECT is used in applications in which the surface might be affected by oxidation, acidic conditions or very high temperatures.

How is nanoFLUX applied?

nanoFLUX can be applied by two different methods depending on the substrate that needs to be coated. External surfaces can be coated via a dipped process and internal surfaces via an aqueous pumped process.

Does the nanoFLUX process involve high temperature or pressure?

No. The nanoFLUX process is carried out at atmospheric pressure and temperatures do not exceed 80°C.

What substrates can nanoFLUX be applied to?

nanoFLUX can be applied to a range of metal surfaces including copper, aluminium, nickel, titanium and stainless steel. It can also be applied to silicon and other semiconductor materials, as well as ceramics. Other substrates may also be possible.

Can nanoFLUX be applied selectively?

Yes, it is possible to mask off areas that do not require or should not be coated with nanoFLUX.

Can nanoFLUX be applied to internal surfaces and fine geometries?

Yes. nanoFLUX is applied via a deposition process. It can be applied to internal surfaces, as well as sub-millimeter scale structures, such as micro-channels, micro pin-fins and micro-grooves.

Is nanoFLUX applied before or after a heat exchanger is manufactured?

Both are possible and the best choice will depend on the type of heat exchanger and the materials involved.

Is nanoFLUX metallic?

Yes, nanoFLUX is an alloy made up of mostly copper, plus some nickel and other metals.

What temperature range can nanoFLUX withstand?

nanoFLUX has been tested to survive in environments up to 600°C. This can be further increased by the addition of nanoPROTECT which has been heat treated to 1000°C.

Is nanoFLUX durable?

Yes. Our proprietary process results in excellent adhesion of the nanoFLUX coating to the target substrate. Adhesion is tested according to ISO 2819:2017. In long term operations tests, no leaching of the nanoFLUX materials into the working fluid has occurred. These tests were performed by a leading UK university.

What types of working fluid are compatible with nanoFLUX?

nanoFLUX is oleophilic and is compatible with most organic refrigerants and dielectric fluids. nanoFLUX is hydrophobic and, because this means water doesn’t wet onto the surface, it doesn’t perform well with pure water. Adding a small amount (3%) of ethanol or butanol to water allows the mixture to wet well onto nanoFLUX, producing excellent results without any negative impact on thermal performance of the fluid or thermal capacity of the mixture relative to water.

Is nanoFLUX compatible with natural refrigerants?

nanoFLUX has been tested with R744 and R290 and with the addition of nanoPROTECT can be used with R717

Is nanoFLUX environmentally friendly?

The nanoFLUX process is carried out at low temperatures and using chemical products at low concentrations. OnS is also developing systems to reduce leftover waste from the coating process. OnS also is certified to ISO 14001 to ensure compliance with environmental regulations and reduce all unnecessary CO2 emissions.

Is nanoFLUX electrically conductive?

Yes, nanoFLUX is a metallic coating so is electrically conductive.

What does nanoFLUX cost?

The cost to apply our coatings will vary considerably between different applications, based on size, area to be coated, process details and the volume of units. However, the formulations used in our coating processes are based on economical and readily-available materials. OnS is confident that its coatings will provide a compelling cost-benefit proposition for suitable applications. Please contact us if you wish to discuss whether our performance coatings are right for your application.

Can I obtain a sample?

Samples can be provided to potential customers with suitable applications. OnS will consider all requests for samples. Please contact us if you are interested in receiving a sample.

How can nanoFLUX be applied to a product in production?

OnS is able to offer coating as a service. Under this service, parts or products are shipped to OnS for the coating to be applied, and then returned to the customer or a supply chain partner. Depending on the size and quantity of units to be coated, it may be beneficial for certain customers to operate the OnS coating processes under licence, at their own facilities. Both models referred to above are possible – and OnS will work with each customer to determine which model is most suitable for the application in question.

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